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BERIMBAU
The berimbau creates the climate
and dictates the game that will be played in the roda. The old
masters say: "The berimbau teaches" The berimbau create a current and
a vibration that, along with the clapping, the singing, the pandeiro and atabaque, influence the
players. There are three types
of berimbau:
* Gunga - acts as the bass: marks the rhythm;
* Medio - doubles over
the basic rhythm of the Gunga;
* Viola - or violinha, makes the "contratoques" and
improvisation:
The berimbau is made with a wooden bow (called biribá), and with a wire secured at both ends of this arc. A gourd with an opening on one side is attached to the bottom of the outer arc, about 15-30 centimetres from the tip of the instrument, with a piece of rope. This rope is also tied around the wire, and when pressed, changes the sound. The tones of the berimbau are modified by the approach and retraction of the gourd to the body of the musician, thereby opening or closing the hole. The other three components: the doubloon, which is held against the wire, a small rod to hit the wire (baqueta) and caxixi.
Also known by several other names like Urucungo, orucungo, oricungo, uricungo, rucungo, berimbau de barriga de barriga, gobo, marimbau, bucumbumba, gunga, macungo, Matunga and rucumbo. In Cuba it is called sambi, pandigurao, and gorokikamo burumbumba & in Mozambique, Xitende
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Atabaque
Instrument of Arabic origin, which was introduced in
Africa by merchants entering the continent through the northern countries, like
Egypt. It is usually made of hardwood such as rosewood, mahogany or cedar,
cut into wide strips and attached to each other with iron arches of different
diameter, from bottom to top, which gives the instrument a conical-cylindrical
shape. At the top, "locks" that hold a piece
of tanned and very tautra whide and are
placed. It is the atabaque that marks the
rhythm of the beat the game. Along with the pandeiro
which accompanies the berimbau. |
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Pandeiro
Percussion instrument
of Indian origin that requires considerable technique to be played.Pandeiros may have leather or
plastic skins. They come in various sizes, with 25 and 30 centimetres being the most
common. The leather skins produce better sound quality, but
have adjustment problems caused by climate change, hence
the plastic skins are most frequently found. The pandeiro is held by one hand,
while the fingertips, thumb and base of the other hand are used to play the
instrument. The open and closed tones can be obtained by using the thumb
or middle finger of the hand holding the instrument. The thumb can mute the
skin side, the middle finger can mute the underside.
It was introduced in
Brazil by the Portuguese, who used it to accompany religious
processions. It is the rhythmic sound of the pandeiro that accompanies the
sound of the caxixi, giving the sound of
the roda
a "swing". The pandeiro player is allowed to execute embellishments and turns to grace
the music. |
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Agogô
Instrument
of African origin consisting of a small arc, a metal handle with a metal cone
in each corner, these cones are of different sizes, thus producing different
sounds that are also produced with the aid of a rod that hits in the
cones . |
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Reco-Reco
Percussion instrument made, are made of metal or wooden
boxes with grooves cut on the top or tubes of metal springs stretched along its
length. They are played by sliding a metal or wooden stick against the
springs or ridges. It is used in capoeira
Angola. | | |
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